Kerning is the area between letters, the letters should have an equal amount of white space in between them.You pick the largest space, and determine it's area, using this area, you apply the spacing to other letters in the word. Put the spacing to remain as it is, when add appropriate kerning to the other letters.
Not entirely sure how I did. However, kerning should only be applied to headings, really. Perhaps one of two words, to give the type that edge; a better appearance.
How to break a sentence into two lines
You treat the type as speech, you think how you say it. You break where you want a pause. For example, if you pause after 'into', it sounds rather odd. Whereas, if you pause after 'sentence' or after 'a' it sounds better, more fluent, with some sophisticated pauses. Treating a line break like an imaginary comma is a good way to think about it.
Hierarchy
Using hierarchy to make the text read from bottom to top. Using font weight and point size to achieve this. However, if you wanted to create a hierarchy by only using the position of the words, you can rotated them in a way to stimulate and control the eye.
An example Grahame showed us. The eye is lazy, and it reads the more easily readable part of this image, the number one. This then leads the eye to want to go up, as there is nothing else below the one. So, on it's way up it reads the number three. The eye then starts to track down again, as it identifies the number two.
Layout
Add extra leading, rather than increasing the point size, when working with body copy.
When short of space, indents work better than line spacing, when creating new paragraphs. An indent is typically three to four letter spaces. Paragraph breaks are used when the subject or line of topic has changed.
You can see the screenshot above, I've saved a large amount of space by using indents rather than using line breaks, to differentiate the paragraphs
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